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'Y  0pa<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB  @ 0D͐pp   0Lh`[  ` Xie Jinlai, Tao Zhongda, Xie Zhaohua Institute of Acoustics, CAS, Beijing 100080, China$a 2 X   S xm   *A Infrasound Condenser Microphone with IMS>+ $$T  <3f޽h ? ̙33 @  (   F  0`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y  0<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB  @ 0D͐pp  0  g Recently we study IMS and observatory of geophysical phenomena in infrasound field, such as solar eclipse, earthquake, bolides thunder storm, severe weather, etc. According to infrasound station specification for IMS and other infrasound measurement, the new type infrasound condenser microphone has been made in Institute of Acoustics, CAS. Various design factors are considered, including protection against mechanical distortion, thermal expansion, vibration and level change, and the adjustment of frequency response. The operational principle, structure and performance were instructed in this paper. 6h 2^  0$G EI. Introduction 2T  <3f޽h ? ̙33 P$ (  $F $ 0`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y $ 0h<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB $@ 0D͐pp $ 0ǢPpp I $ 2  $ 0,̢0 d0II. Mechanical Structure of Condenser Microphone11 \ $ 0DТ   The pressure-sensitive element is membrane or a diaphragm. The change of pressure-sensitive element, i.e. displacement or velocity, is drawn by a recorder. That is an infrasonic signal." 2T $ <3f޽h ? ̙33 `(4(  (F ( 0<٢`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y ( 0<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB (@ 0D͐pp ( 0Ppp I $ 2 X ( C 0AA:\t19a.tif` 0 ( 0$`Z |FFig.1 Sketch for configuration of condenser type infrasonic microphoneG 2GT ( <3f޽h ? ̙33 E=p'^,(  ,F , 0`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y , 0<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB ,@ 0D͐pp , 0,00 h4Fig.2 Sketch map of infrasonic microphone structure5 25RB <, s *DoP LB =, c $DP 0 P RB >, s *Do P RB ?, s *Do` RB @, s *Do@ RB A, s *Do@` ` RB B, s *Do RB C, s *DԔ RB D, s *DԔPRB E, s *Do  P RB F, s *DoPPP LB G, c $Dp RB H, s *DԔp LB I, c $D RB J, s *Do RB K, s *Do RB L,@ s *Do  RB M, s *DoP  P RB N, s *DԔ LB O, c $D @ P, <@ ` +  GAtmospheric inletLB Q, c $D  R, <F G LAcoustic resistance R1LB S, c $Dp0  T, <dv ] Y#Front cavity acoustic compliance C1$$LB U, c $D  V, <07  UMembrane acoustic compliance Cs LB W, c $D  X, <G   DPositive plateLB Y, c $D p  Z, <   [%Backing cavity acoustic compliance C2&&LB [, c $D   LB \, c $D  0  ], <$   j4Pressure equalizing capillary acoustic resistance R255T , <3f޽h ? ̙33]  $H0(  0F 0 0P&`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y 0 03<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB 0@ 0D͐pp (0 09`   h2Fig.3 Equivalent circuit for condenser microphone3 23RB )0 s *Do0`P0X *0 0P `RB +0 s *Do0 0RB ,0 s *Do0``X2 -0 0 .0 BCDE4F ` 0@`8`0Ppxx` @    0@RB /0 s *Do`` RB 00 s *Do `p RB 10 s *Do0 0RB 20 s *Do0 LB 30 c $D` LB 40 c $D@` @RB 50 s *Do@ X 60 0 RB 70 s *Do0 RB 80 s *Do LB 90 c $D LB :0 c $D@ @RB ;0 s *Do0RB <0 s *Do@  =0 <LA@ 8R1 >0 <D  8R2 ?0 <pHfc  8C1 @0 <K 8CsLB A0 c $D p p LB B0 c $D RB C0 s *Do   D0 <dP   8C2 F0 0SPpj7 7PRB G0 s *D0   H0 <WH/ 5QT 0 <3f޽h ? ̙33 4(  4F 4 0H^`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y 4 0d<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB 4@ 0D͐pp 4 0kPpp I $ 2  4 0p i3III. Circuit Structure of the Infrasonic Microphone4 24"Q 4 04t.   According to measurement slow change of capacitance value, the high frequency voltage was added to transducer and reality bridge modulation amplitude principle shown as Fig.5" 2T 4 <3f޽h ? ̙33Z  28(  8F 8 0}`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y 8 0<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB 8@ 0D͐pp 8 0lPEE I $ 2  8 60%E B  8 0DP%E A oscillation 2  8 6̕05U  B  8 60P  B  8 60 B RB !8 s *D "8 0pj <output 2 #8 0x`@`  > modulation 2  $8 00uG  A Amplification 2 %8 0$``@ @ demodulation 2 R (8 s *` @`  *8 0 p  > microphone 2 RB +8 s *DPP` RB ,8 s *DP@RB -8 s *D ` P RB .8 s *D**LB /8 c $D0LB 08 c $DRB 18 s *DE 28 00 0P  n2Fig.4 Operation diagrams for condenser microphone  3 21T 8 <3f޽h ? ̙33g 0Y<(  <F < 04`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y < 0 ¨<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB <@ 0D͐pp -< 0ɨ `  k7Fig.5 Capacitance bridge modulation-amplitude principle8 28X .< 0Ԕp  X /< 0ԔX 0< 0Ԕ  X 1< 0Ԕ@pRB 2< s *Dop pRB 3< s *Do  X2 4< 0` PRB 5< s *Do@` RB 6< s *Dop 0 RB 7< s *Do RB 8< s *Do` RB 9< s *Do0 ` RB :< s *Do` 0 RB ;< s *Do` 0 RB << s *Do ` RB =< s *Do RB >< s *Do ` RB ?< s *Do0 RB @< s *Do RB A< s *DԔ0` RB B< s *Do@  C<  B`C`DEFo0` `0`@X`@   @ RB D< s *Do   E< 0HҨ0pm  8C0 G< <ը pm P  8C0 H< <p٨0 0 -  8C0 I< <ܨ` -  9C0+ J< 0d`  7C K< B`   8 L< <h Fui( M< <T p"  Fuo(RB N< s *Do` RB O< s *Do0 RB P< s *Do` @RB Q< s *Do0 ` RB R< s *Dop RB S< s *Do   T< 0@  9M 2RB U< s *D` XB V< 0LD p RB W< s *DpLB X< c $DRB Y< s *D T < <3f޽h ? ̙33h @(  @F @ 0`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y @ 0T<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB @@ 0D͐pp @ 0< Ppp I $ 2  @ 0 @ TIV. The Operational Principles 2( @ 0 p  H The operational principle of infrasound condenser microphone shows as fig.5. The head capacitance is Co, and change volume is C when infrasound waves act on it.$ 2T @ <3f޽h ? ̙33  D(  DF D 0 `t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y D 0<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB D@ 0D͐pp D 0%Ppp I $ 2  D 0P* 0J UParameter relative of fig.5 is: 2 (`  D c $A ??P  T D <3f޽h ? ̙33 <4H(  HF H 01`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y H 08<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB H@ 0D͐pp H 0d?Ppp I $ 2 H H 0C0:  N Under unconsidered R1 and C1, the sensitivity SQ can be represented by Q. ~O 2((((((((x H <A ??Pv  T H <3f޽h ? ̙33 L(  LF L 0$P`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y L 0V<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB L@ 0D͐pp L 0]Ppp I $ 2  L 0a FIn high frequency:(x L <A ??PP Q  T L <3f޽h ? ̙33f  P(  PF P 0i`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y P 0j<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB P@ 0D͐pp P 0TvPpp I $ 2  P 0zPP v"Low frequency cutoff period TN is:8# 2(((x P <A  ?? 02   D  P 0 -  TNote: where =R2(C2+CS) is time constant.t+ 2       T P <3f޽h ? ̙33.  Tb(  TF T 0d`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y T 0(<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB T@ 0D͐pp T 0ܘPpp I $ 2  T 0L$ .The sensitivity SC in capacitance variable is:8/ 2$$$x T <A  ??Dj     T 0 @   jNote: where d is distance between membrane and positive plate, A is active area of transducer capacitance.k 2kT T <3f޽h ? ̙33  X3(  XF X 0\`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y X 0 <0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB X@ 0D͐pp X 0ԷPpp I $ 2 j X c BA D:\tu\t440.JPG k  X 0D ' i3Fig.6. Map of CC-1T infrasonic condenser microphone4 24T X <3f޽h ? ̙33X 0\(  \F \ 0ĩ`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y \ 0ʩ<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB \@ 0D͐pp \ 0ѩ  uAFig.7. Response curves for CC-1T infrasound condenser microphone B 2Bh \ C @A (E:\jinlai\t360c.tifV T \ <3f޽h ? ̙33` @`(  `F ` 0٩`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y ` 0P<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB `@ 0D͐pp ` 0Ppp I $ 2  ` 0t0Pp h2V. CC-1T Infrasonic Condenser Microphone Features3 23, ` 0 b l`$ The sensitivity is high, 0.1 bar infrasound pressure can be received; a$ Frequency band is wide, cover all infrasonic frequency range,from 10Hz to 0.001 Hz bellow; b$ Output volt is large, such as 400mV/Pa, then can be directly converted by A/D;6 2N T ` <3f޽h ? ̙33    Pd* (  dF d 0`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y d 0T<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB d@ 0D͐pp d 0< Ppp I $ 2 2 d 0 `XP___PPT92* jlc$ Dynamic range is wide, the most high sound levele"108dB; Frequency response is good flat in frequency band necessary; e$ Long-term stability of operation is good. The outside of back volume keeps vacuum and prevent with plastic(freedom from zero drift); f$ Consistent is good, the head capacitance C0, the first resonance frequency of stress of membrane and circuit can be adjusted, so can be used to in the infrasound array; ; 23 2 2 28-  @`T d <3f޽h ? ̙33b    h(  hF h 00`t  b-NVyf[bXf[xvz@b INSTITUTE OF ACOUSTICS ACADEMIA SINICAN2022 '%&'! 'Y h 02<0`D k17 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100080, China Tel:(86+10)62554482 Fax:(86+10)62553898 Email:xie@mail.ioa.ac.cnXl0(2B'  ' 'iXB h@ 0D͐pp h 0 >Ppp I $ 2  h 0@ TLD___PPT9& lVolume is small, 80220mm, weight is light, 1.6kg, and easy to portable and installation. h$ Membrane mass is small, freedom vibration, no sense to shock; i$ Forms a complete configuration, can be connected with PC and structured infrasound monitoring system. 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